Electron Configuration and Orbital Diagram
Be- 4
Orbital Diagram
↑↓ ↑↓
1[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]s^{2}[/tex]
Electron Configuration
1[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]s^{2}[/tex] or [He] 2[tex]s^{2}[/tex]
Mg- 12
Orbital Diagram
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
1[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]p^{6}[/tex] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex]
Electron Configuration
1[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]p^{6}[/tex] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex] or [Ne] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex]
Al - 13
Orbital Diagram
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑_ __ __
1[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]p^{6}[/tex] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 3[tex]p^{1}[/tex]
Electron Configuration
1[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]p^{6}[/tex] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 3[tex]p^{1}[/tex] or [Ne] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 3[tex]p^{1}[/tex]
Si-14
Orbital Diagram
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑_ ↑_ __
1[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]p^{6}[/tex] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 3[tex]p^{2}[/tex]
Electron Configuration
1[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]p^{6}[/tex] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 3[tex]p^{2}[/tex] or [Ne] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 3[tex]p^{2}[/tex]
P-15
Orbital Diagram
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑_ ↑_ ↑_
1[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]p^{6}[/tex] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 3[tex]p^{3}[/tex]
Electron Configuration
1[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]p^{6}[/tex] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 3[tex]p^{3}[/tex] or [Ne] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 3[tex]p^{3}[/tex]
Explanation:
An orbital diagram is a visual representation of how electrons are arranged in an atom. Electrons are represented by arrows in an orbital diagram. There are three rules that are utilized in orbital diagrams. These are the Auf bau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle, and Hund's Rule. According to the Auf Bau Principle, the electrons occupy the lowest energy orbital first before occupying the highest energy. The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that only two electrons can fit into a single orbital. Hund's rule, on the other hand, states that orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron and that each of the single electrons must have the same spin.
Electron configurations are the summary of where the electrons are around a nucleus. The order in which electrons are placed into the orbitals is based on the order of their energy. Specifically, it follows the order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p. Based on the quantum numbers, 2 electrons are needed to fill an s orbital, 6 electrons to fill a p orbital, 10 electrons to fill a d orbital and 14 electrons to fill the f orbital. For instance, magnesium has the electron configuration 1[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2[tex]p^{6}[/tex] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex]
In some instances, the shorthand electron configuration of an element is used. It starts with the symbol of the noble gas in the previous period enclosed in brackets, followed by the rest of the electron configuration for the element. For instance, magnesium has the concise electron configuration which is [Ne] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex]. Neon is the noble gas in the previous period.
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