Answer:
Nominationrefers to the act of the speaker wherein he or she invites the participant to join in the conversation or discussion. Meanwhile, restrictionrefers to the act of the speaker wherein he or she restricts or limits participants from contributing to the conversation or discussion.•Analyzing the nature of nomination and restriction helps participants understand their roles in various types of conversation.
Social relationships determine the specific role of the participants whether they can nominate or restrict other speakers from joining the conversation.•Higher authorities refer to those who are assigned to control the flow of the conversation. Their role is to ask questions that will maintain the quality and productivity of communication. For example, interviewers are considered to be a higher authority since they are responsible for asking questions to the interviewees.
Background image
There are two factors to consider for nomination and restriction: social relationships and environment.•Lower authorities refer to the participants who start as listeners and are then nominated to be speakers when called by the higher authorities. They are called using their names. They may also use nonverbal cues to initiate that they want to join the conversation.•2. Environmentrefers to the setting of the conversation. It also determines the roles of the speakers. For example, in a classroom discussion, teachers nominate or restrict the participants. If the setting is changed into a seminar led by students, there will be a segment for entertaining questions or comments from the teachers. They may nominate the teachers who will join the discussion and restrict others.
Background image
