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In most technical applications b. Any system with two phases like ice and water are said to be heterogeneous
In most technical applications homogeneous means that the properties of a system are the uniform throughout the entire system; heterogeneous (also inhomogeneous) means that the properties change within the system.[1] Any system with two phases like ice and water are said to be heterogeneous.
For example, homogeneous systems have the same composition, density and pressure throughout. While a homogeneous system will often has more than one component (like salt and water), the mixture will be uniform throughout the sample. For a heterogeneous system there's clumping of salt in the salt water, or parts of the water that are saltier than others. The figures 1 and 2 below show heterogeneous and homogeneous systems.
Figure 1. A heterogeneous mixture of molecules in a gas because the density (and pressure) is different throughout
Figure 2. A homogeneous mixture of molecules in a gas because the density (and pressure) is uniform throughout
A homogeneous mixture is a mixture of two or more chemical substances (elements or compounds), where the different components cannot be visually distinguished. The composition of homogeneous mixtures is constant.
Matter can be broken down into two categories: pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances are further broken down into elements and compounds. Mixtures are physically combined structures that can be separated into their original components.
A chemical substance is composed of one type of atom or molecule.
A mixture is composed of different types of atoms or molecules that are not chemically bonded.
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture of two or more chemical substances where the various components can be visually distinguished.
A homogeneous mixture is a type of mixture in which the composition is uniform and every part of the solution has the same properties.
Various separation techniques exist in order to separate matter, including include distillation, filtration, evaporation and chromatography. Matter can be in the same phase or in two different phases for this separation to take place.
In chemistry, a chemical substance is a form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. It cannot be separated into components without breaking chemical bonds. Chemical substances can be solids, liquids, gases, or plasma. Changes in temperature or pressure can cause substances to shift between the different phases of matter.
An element is a chemical substance that is made up of a particular kind of atom and hence cannot be broken down or transformed by a chemical reaction into a different element. All atoms of an element have the same number of protons, though they may have different numbers of neutrons and electrons.
A pure chemical compound is a chemical substance that is composed of a particular set of molecules or ions that are chemically bonded. Two or more elements combined into one substance through a chemical reaction, such as water, form a chemical compound. All compounds are substances, but not all substances are compounds. A chemical compound can be either atoms bonded together in molecules or crystals in which atoms, molecules or ions form a crystalline lattice. Compounds made primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms are called organic compounds, and all others are called inorganic compounds. Compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal are called organometallic compounds.
Chemical substances are often called ‘pure’ to set them apart from mixtures. A common example of a chemical substance is pure water; it always has the same properties and the same ratio of hydrogen to oxygen whether it is isolated from a river or made in a laboratory. Other chemical substances commonly encountered in pure form are diamond (carbon), gold, table salt (sodium chloride), and refined sugar (sucrose). Simple or seemingly pure substances found in nature can in fact be mixtures of chemical substances. For example, tap water may contain small amounts of dissolved sodium chloride and compounds containing iron, calcium, and many other chemical substances. Pure distilled water is a substance, but seawater, since it contains ions and complex molecules, is a mixture.
Chemical Mixtures
A mixture is a material system made up of two or more different substances, which are mixed but not combined chemically. A mixture refers to the physical combination of two or more substances in which the identities of the individual substances are retained. Mixtures take the form of alloys, solutions, suspensions, and colloids.
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